History of Refraction Our story begins in ancient Greece around 300 BCE, where the philosopher Euclid documented the basic principles of optics, including the behavior of light when it transitions between different mediums. This laid the groundwork for our understanding of refraction. Fast forward to the Islamic Golden Age in the 9th century, where scientist Abu Yusuf Yaqoob ibn Ishaq as’sabbah al-Kindi delved into the properties of lenses and how they affected the path of light. His work set the stage for later breakthroughs in optics. In the 17th century, the legendary Sir Isaac Newton experimented with prisms and demonstrated that white light could be split into its component colors through refraction. This revelation paved the way for our understanding of the colorful world revealed in rainbows. Skipping ahead to the 19th century, Augustin-Jean Fresnel's wave theory of light explained refraction as the bending of light waves. This theory became a cornerstone in the field of o
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