Chronon

Buoyancy Force Buoyancy, or upthrust, is an upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of a partially or fully immersed object.   We have come across many daily life observations of sinking objects in water and floating on it. As boats, ships , plastic bottles and straws float on the surface of water, some fruits, iron pieces and stones etc. don't float on the water. We have also experienced that, when we try to sink tightly capped empty bottles in water, it forces it up towards the surface. We have also experienced that; a heavy piece of brick or iron feels lighter inside water than outside. Although! Humans discovered this long ago in history. But the net amount of force exerted by water on any object was still a mystery. Until Archimedes figured it out in 246 BC.   Archimedes’ principle Archimedes observed that, when we sink any object in a completely filled vessel with water, it displaces some water. He also calculated that; the net buoyancy force ...

  Thrust In our fifth blog of the series, we discussed forces. As a force is any interaction when unopposed, will change the state of the object. From the same blog we are also familiar with the concept of net force. When a net force is applied in a particular direction in a small fraction of time is termed as thrust. Thrust is a kind of an instantaneous push, pull or interaction. When a system pushes or accelerates mass in one direction, there is a thrust in the opposite direction. In physics, this concept is described in Newton’s second and third laws. Thrust can be used for many kinds of vehicles and engines such as rockets, motorboats, and jet engines etc. Thrust is measured in newtons in the metric system. The concept of thrust is very popular in the daily life of human beings. Some obvious examples are, inserting a drawing pin in a notice board to fix the poster and hammering the nail to fix it in the wall.   Pressure Whenever the force is applied on any s...

From the beginning of the series, we used the term 'mass' several times. As a beginner, one always confuses mass with weight. Well, there are very distinct differences in between them. Mass and weight have entirely different definition and characteristics.   Mass Mass is more like amount of matter, the things it is made of, or the exact quantity of atoms and molecules combined to form a matter. It always occupies space. It is a very important characteristic of matter in order to form the laws of physics. In terms of physics mass defined as the property of matter by virtue of which, matter occupies space. It also determines the strength of gravitational force. SI unit of mass is Kg, and it remains constant everywhere in the space.   Weight Whereas weight is more likely a force experienced by any object. We all know that gravity attracts objects. Do we know, what kind of object? Gravity is a property of matter and is associated with mass. It only attracts the object havi...

From our previous blog, we know that earth attract objects with a constant force. Whenever a constant force is applied, velocity starts changing. In our third blog of this series, we already have discussed that change in velocity per unit time is known as acceleration. In this case the acceleration is called acceleration due to gravity as it is occurring under the influence of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity is denoted by a small ‘g’ and it’s calculated value is 9.8 m/s 2 . In our everyday life we have observed that whenever an object is thrown upward, it comes back after attaining a certain height. The harder we throw it, the higher it goes and comes back. Whenever an object is thrown upward, gravitation forces it to come back to the ground. While going upward negative acceleration due to gravity works on objects as retardation. Because the motion is in the opposite direction of the force and vice versa.  Whenever something falls under the influence of gravity, know...

  From our previous blog, we know that everybody, possessing some mass, attracts each other. Newton derived a formula that can measure the strength of this attraction. He stated that, ‘every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force which is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the separation between them. F ∝ Mm d 2 In the formula we can see that both mass and separation are proportionally related to the force. To turn proportionality into an equation we need a proportionality constant. The proportionality constant used in gravitation is known as Universal Gravitational Constant and its calculated value is 6.67 x 10 -11 N m 2 Kg -2 . From the universal gravitation formula, we can easily calculate the strength of force of attraction between two bodies.  A most common question asked by newly introduced people to the concept of gravitation is, why two bodies placed at some distance don’t attract e...

  In part 5 of this series, we mentioned gravitational force under the types of fundamental forces . Today we are going to discuss the basic introduction of gravitation .   In our everyday life we experience a number of activities, phenomena and incidents that happen under the influence of gravitation. We have observed that whenever a ball is thrown upward, it comes back to the ground. Anything dropped from some height, comes down to the ground. Things that hang on some height, when unhanged, tend to fall.    In all the above examples, things always come to the earth. In our previous blog of First Law of Motion we discussed that everybody tends to remain in state of motion or state of rest until an external force is compelled to change the state. According to this law, there must be some kind of force in action for all of these examples. Newton named this force as Gravitational Force. He defined gravitational force as “a force of attraction between two bodie...